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We put all academic references in a numbered list at the end of the document., arranged by order of their first appearance in the main text.

As to the formatting of the end references, we We follow Government Digital Service requirements:

References should be easy to understand by anyone, not just specialists.

They should follow the style guide. When writing a reference:

• do not use italics except for binomial nomenclature (eg Shigella sonnei) but not for journal titles
• do not use bold
• use single quote marks around titles of papers
• write out abbreviations in full: 'page' not 'p.,' 'Nutrition Journal' not 'Nutr J.'
• use plain English, for example use ‘and others’ not ‘et al’
• do not use full stops after initials or at the end of the reference

If the reference is available online, make the title a link and include the date you accessed the online version thus:

Corallo AN and others. ‘A ‘A systematic review of medical practice variation in OECD countries’ countries’ Health Policy 2014: volume 114, pages 5-14 (viewed on 18 November 2014)

We number references, to help with linking to them from the main text, see next sectionOccasionally, we receive documents where the references are arranged alphabetically by author. It is preferable to use the numbered-in-order-of-first-appearance system described above.

Linking to references at the end of a document

References with or citations within the main text to one or more of the academic references in the numbered list of references at the end of the document should be in the following format:

• full-sized numbers referring to the numbered reference
• in round brackets
• within the sentence ie not after the full stops
• with a space between the text and the citation bracket

For example: 'Studies show that incidence of of infection are restricted to certain localities (9).'

Some academic styles require a citation to include authors or dates of publication in brackets. We use numbers because it makes citations shorter and easier to follow.

If multiple references need to be referred to, put them in the same bracket, with commas separating them (5, 6, 7).

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Reference numbers like this, within the text, must hyperlink to the respective number in the References section, . You create links within a document by using Word's Bookmark functionality to create 'anchors' at the start of each numbered reference, and then making each bracketed reference an internal link.

Running header

Use the document title or a lightly edited version, in Arial 10 pt grey, preferably on only 1 line.

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